Fiber assemblies for trunk cables in parallel transmission systems (ribbons)
The length of individual optical fibers in trunk cables can be adjusted in various ways to ensure that the specified optical skew parameter is achieved. The response time of a data center (DC) to an incoming user request, which is one of the main criteria for the quality of its operation, requires the use of […]
Reduced size fiber optic cables with round wire armor
The results of the development of small-sized optical cables with round steel wire armor are presented. Their design and manufacturing technology ensure high mechanical parameters -allowable working load under elongation, transverse strength, and good flexibility. The design of fiber optical cables (FOC) with round wire armor is almost always associated with fairly large and massive […]
Standard optical fibers: evolution and prospects
Introduction Unfortunately, time flies quickly, and it will soon be half a century since the beginning of the era of wired communication via optical fiber (OF). Today, fiber optic cables (FOC) are the most important component of the modern global communication network, providing a wide variety of telecommunication services and total informatization of society. The […]
Assessment of fiber optic cable quality. Attenuation and relative fiber elongation.
Optical cables are not included in the list of communication equipment subject to mandatory certification, but all service providers require suppliers to provide a declaration of conformity. Current legal documents describe the areas of application of fiber optic cables, requirements for their resistance to mechanical and climatic load, as well as requirements for the electrical […]
Long-distance single-span fiber optic lines: how to reduce the cost of transport networks?
Areas of application Single-span solutions are mainly used on long sections of submarine communication lines and on land sections passing through sparsely populated areas with harsh climatic conditions. In particular, they are used to connect islands, remote coastal cities, coastlines, and offshore oil platforms, as well as to create branches from submarine trunk lines. Another […]
PON: The secret of effective investment
PON network equipment has been on the market for years, and there are several options for implementing this architecture with proven characteristics and proven effectiveness. Today, it is safe to say that the PON ecosystem is mature and has its advantages, allowing telecom operators to provide truly high-speed network access with significant savings due to […]
LAN, MAN, WAN types & fiber optic networks
When we talk about different types of networks such as LAN, WAN, MAN, PAN, or SAN, it’s important to understand that this division is not strict but very conditional, and there are no certain boundaries between these types of network. You can look at them in terms of distances they span, but they can merely […]
Municipal broadband & municipal internet from utility POV
In the heated debates around internet access, municipal broadband and municipal internet are often framed as either the savior of underserved communities or an expensive overreach of local government. While that conversation has been well-worn, what’s less discussed is the increasingly central role utility companies play in building, managing, and monetizing these networks. Municipal broadband […]
Dark Fiber in fiber optic networks design
Definition of dark fiber Dark fiber refers to optical fiber cables that are installed but not currently active or connected to any transmitting equipment. The term “dark” comes from the fact that, without an optical signal passing through, the fiber is literally dark – no light pulses are being transmitted. Dark fiber can be an […]
What is OSP (Outside Plant) and what is ISP (Inside Plant) in fiber optics
Outside Plant (OSP) in fiber optics is the network infrastructure located outside of buildings. This means cables, conduits, ducts, poles, splice enclosures, cabinets, handholes, aerial or buried fiber right up to the demarcation point between outdoor and indoor plant. Inside Plant (ISP) in fiber networks is the cabling and equipment inside buildings – cabinets, patch […]